Differences between Appendix, Annex, Exhibit, Attachment, Schedule and Addendum

Definitions in the dictionary

Attachment refers to any document that’s attached to the primary document.

Appendix is an additional document attached at the end of the main document to provide additional information.

Annex refers to content attached to a document or report.

Schedule is a list or category of goods or services, a statement attached to a document that provides detailed information about the issues mentioned in the main document.

Exhibit is a document referenced in the contract, whose function is to establish the volume and specifications of the items to be delivered under the contract.

Addendum is a document or information attached or supplemented to clarify, correct or substantiate information in the original document.

Distinguish the difference and use it in context

If an attached document has an ‘additional’ function and is part of the contract, and is important in ensuring the validity of that contract, then that attached document needs to be called an Appendix .

If the attached document is a separate document from the contract, containing information that can be changed by each party to the contract without affecting the validity of the contract, nor requiring changes to the contract content accordingly, then the attached document should be called Annex .

Apostille and its role in diplomacy

What is an Apostille?

An apostille is a certificate that authenticates a signature on a paper or document that has been acknowledged by an international institution. It legalizes a member state’s document for use in another state that has also signed the 1961 Hague Convention on Exemption from the Requirement of Legalization for Foreign Public Documents.

Under this Convention, Contracting States have agreed to recognize public papers issued by other Contracting States if they are authenticated by attaching an internationally recognized form of authentication known as a “Apostille”. Apostille ensures that public documents issued in one contracting state are accepted as valid in another.

What information does an Apostille include?

The Apostille itself is a stamped or printed form with ten numbered standard information areas. The word APOSTILLE appears at the top, followed by the words Convention de La Haye du 5 octobre 1961 (French for “Hague Convention of October 5, 1961”). This title must be written in French for the Apostille to be valid (Convention Article 4). The following information is entered into the numbered fields (either in the official language of the authority competent to issue the Apostille or in a second language):

Country… [e. g. Korea, Spain]

This public document

has been signed by Mr. (Mrs. ) [e. g. Henry Cho]
acting in the capacity of [e. g. Notary Public]
bears the seal/stamp of [e. g. Hong Kong High Court]

certified

at [place of issuance] [e. g. Hong Kong]
the [date] [e. g. April 16, 2014]
by [Issuing authority] [e. g. Hong Kong Chief Executive]
No. [e. g. 2536218517]
Stamp. . . [of the authority competent to issue the Apostille]
Signature

This information might be printed on the document itself, on the back, or attached as a certification stamp.

What types of papers and documents are Apostille issued for?

There are four types of documents mentioned in the Convention:

court documents
administrative documents (e. g. civil status documents)
notarial deed
an official certificate attached to papers and documents signed by authorized persons, such as an official certificate recording the registration of a document or the fact that the document existed at a certain time and official notary authentication of that signature.

International members participate in Apostilles

How many countries are parties to the 1961 Hague Convention on Exemption from the Requirement for Legalization of Foreign Public Documents?

As of July 21, 2018, 116 nations had joined the Convention, including the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South America, India, Hong Kong, and others. Vietnam is currently not a member state of the Convention.

Recognition of Apostille in Vietnam

In Vietnam, how are foreign papers and public documents with attached Apostille legalized?

Apostille is a French term signifying certification. However, because not all nations are eligible to sign the aforementioned Convention, the destination country must decide whether the document is an Apostille (for signatory countries) or a Certificate (for countries that have not yet joined).

As previously stated, Vietnam is not yet a signatory of the Convention, hence its provisions are not now in effect in Vietnam. Decree No. 111/2011/ND-CP, issued by the Vietnamese government, details the procedures for certifying foreign legal documents and papers for use in Vietnam. Vietnam and a few other countries also signed mutual legal assistance agreements, consular agreements, cooperation agreements, etc. on recognition of certain types of papers and public documents of the other party without approval. Consular legalization and consular certification are required in Vietnam (see here for a list of nations and categories of documents exempt from consular legalization and certification).

For foreign public papers and documents with attached Apostille (please preserve the English term), in order to be recognized and utilized in Vietnam, those papers and documents must be authenticated by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Papers and documents must be supplied by the originating country and subsequently certified by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Vietnam or an authorized agency. Certification is often done at an embassy or consulate. In practice, this implies that the document must be validated twice before it can have legal effect in Vietnam.

Why do we say “once in a blue moon”?

What role does the moon serve for us? Aside from the impact that creates the tidal phenomena, which is the basis for the Islamic calendar and the reason for humanity to commemorate 1969 (the first time humans walked on the moon), the moon has a significant impact on the world. English. This article will go over words and expressions relating to the moon.

Knowledge: the relationship between moon and month

First, let’s look at the term “moon”. Not unexpectedly, the term “moon” has been in use since English was established. Did you know that the words “moon” and “month” share the same German root? The word “month” originally signified a temporal measurement matching to the lunar rotation cycle. It wasn’t until later that people stopped recognizing the new moon as the beginning of a new month and began to build more structured months, eventually leading to the creation of the Gregorian calendar. (Proposed by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582).

Later, the term “lunatic” arose, derived from the Latin word “luna” (moon). This derivative, which originated in Middle English, is etymologically based on the concept that shifts in the moon caused madness.

And if you have a penchant of searching the dictionary for slightly nasty words, you could be wondering how to use “moon” to imply “buttocks,” or “an act of exposing the buttocks, especially as a gesture intended to shock or offend. “This concept, which was used as early as the mid-18th century, is most likely based on the assumption that the buttocks and moon have similar shapes. However, according to the current definition in the Oxford English Dictionary (OED), this meaning became more widespread in the twentieth century, and the verb phrase “to expose one’s buttocks” did not appear before the 1960s. And if you have a penchant of searching the dictionary for slightly nasty words, you could be wondering how to use “moon” to imply “buttocks,” or “an act of exposing the buttocks, especially as a gesture intended to shock or offend. “This concept, which was used as early as the mid-18th century, is most likely based on the assumption that the buttocks and moon have similar shapes. However, according to the current definition in the Oxford English Dictionary (OED), this meaning became more widespread in the twentieth century, and the verb phrase “to expose one’s buttocks” did not appear before the 1960s.

In the next section, let’s find out Some expressions about the moon!

What does “Once in a blue moon” refer to?

The term “once in a blue moon” refers to an extremely unusual occurrence. For instance, saying “Adam only dances once in a blue moon” does not imply that Adam dances once in a blue moon, but rather very seldom. But did you realize that this is a blend of two pre-existing expressions? The phrase “once in a blue moon” dates back at least to the 1830s, although “once in a moon” predates it by about three centuries. “Once in a blue moon” can be translated as “once a month” (for the same etymological grounds as above), although the phrase does not always signify the same thing. but only represents the concept “occasionally”.

Meanwhile, the phrase “the moon is blue” refers to something impossible, as the notion that the moon is blue is regarded ludicrous. Another form of this term is “the moon is made of green cheese”; both have been in use since the 1520s.

How did these two sayings come together? In truth, blue moons exist in astronomical calendars as “the second full moon in a calendar month,” but the term does not appear to have come into usage until more than a century after “once in a blue moon” became popularly used on a daily basis. It appears that this was just the result of two sayings about the moon being misconstrued throughout time.

What does “to shoot the moon” mean?

One can “shoot the moon”, “bolt the moon”, or “shove the moon”, but I do not recommend doing it too frequently if you wish to follow the law. This is a slang word meaning fleeing at night, often known as “doing a moonlight flit”.

The word originally occurred in Murphy Delany’s Feast in the sentence “She wish’d to gammon her landlord, and likewise bolt the moon” circa 1812. The OED lists numerous distinct applications of the word “gammon” as a verb, and only the kindest of people would believe that the girl in the line above was going to beat her landlord at backgammon by “hoax, deceive, hoodwink, trick” him.

Is “honeymoon” a “honey moon”?

The combination of “moon” and “month” appears again here, which helps explain why the period immediately following the wedding is referred to as the “honeymoon”. According to the OED dictionary, “Maybe at first this was a way of saying that love gradually fades like the waning moon”, but the interpretation that love does not last more than a month swiftly arose.

“Honeymoon” was originally used to refer to the period after a wedding, but since the late 18th century, it has come to be commonly used for the holiday of newlyweds. Many other languages, including French, Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese, also combine the equivalents of “honey” and “moon” to form a phrase meaning “honeymoon. “

What does “cast beyond the moon” mean?

The moon is one of the closest objects to us in the universe, but we nonetheless regard it as a symbol of something remote and ludicrous. The phrase “praise above the moon” refers to giving extravagant praise, whereas “go beyond the moon” refers to traveling a significant distance. Going too far will make it difficult to keep or find, and “ask for the moon” refers to asking for something that is hard to obtain.

“Cast beyond the moon” indicates to guess without basis; this idiom differs somewhat from others. At first, I thought this expression represented the act of casting while fishing. And this is an excellent approach to be creative. However, “cast” here is the same as “forecast” – meaning “calculate or predict about the future”, which leads to the meaning of “unreasonable guess”.

“Over the moon” – I am happy

Regarding why we use the phrase “over the moon” when we are happy: in the past, people used “jump over the moon” to convey delight so tremendous that they could jump higher than the moon. This expression comes from the 16th-century children’s poetry “Hey Diddle Diddle” (the cow hopped over the moon).

IMAGE SEO: Optimize images for search engines

If you are a blogger or write for an online publication, you may frequently meet the question: do I need to incorporate images in my articles? And the answer is “yes”. Images will enhance the visual appeal of your post and also help with its SEO. So, how do you optimize an image for SEO? Let’s go over the next steps!

When optimizing an image, strive to minimize the download size to a minimum by utilizing an appropriate image compression program. A well-optimized image should include a proper name and description (alt text), ensuring that it is likewise search engine optimized.

Use images in online articles

When incorporated after some study, photos will assist readers grasp your post better. “A picture is worth a thousand words. “This may not be true for Google, but showing your topic with a chart will make it far more enticing than writing 1000 words about it.

And here’s some basic advice: include images in every piece you publish online. Your articles will become more engaging.

How to find and edit the right images

If you have the opportunity to add your own image to the article, do so. Your group’s page will require your group’s photo, not someone else’s.

The image for your article must be relevant to the content. If you’re employing photos solely to achieve a green check mark in SEO, you’re doing something wrong. Images must represent the topic of the article or serve an illustrative purpose within the text.

There’s a simple rationale for this in SEO: an image accompanied by related content will rank higher for the keywords for which it was optimized.

Alternative to images from 3rd party links

If you are unable to use your own photographs, search for distinctive images from online photo stock sites. Examples include Flickr. com and freeimages. com (previously sxc. hu).

Graphs, charts, and other types of illustrations could be used instead of photographs. It’s also crucial to pay attention to GIF animations, which are growing increasingly popular.

However, don’t go overboard with GIF graphics. People will be too distracted by the movement of the image to read the content of your article.

Prepare images to include in your article

Once you’ve found the perfect image, optimize it for use on your site. There are various things to pay attention to.

Choose a suitable image name

IMage SEO begins with a suitable name. Of course, this is the first time we will use keywords. You’ll want Google to understand what the image is about even without seeing it. Very simple: if your image is a photo of the Turtle Tower in the center of Hoan Kiem Lake, its name should be “thap-rua-ho-guom. jpg”, not “DCIM1369. jpg”. The main keyword is Hoan Kiem Lake, which is the photo’s main focus, so we need to include it right in the name.

Image size

Image loading time is critical for both UX and SEO. The easier a website loads, the more easily it can be viewed and indexed. Uploading large images and displaying them in small frames, such as 250×150 pixels, can significantly effect website load times. Because the remainder of the image still has to be loaded. Shrink the image to the desired display size. WordPress enables this by providing several picture sizes after they have been uploaded. Unfortunately, this does not optimize photos; it only adjusts their size.

Use custom images (responsive images)

This is really important for SEO. Images might degrade the mobile experience and raise bounce rates. The RICG Responsive Images For WordPress plugin may let you create bespoke images. This plugin will add hidden characteristics to your photos to help them display properly on a variety of screen ratios. Note that WordPress does this automatically starting with version 4. 4, therefore users must update the RICG plugin on a regular basis to the latest version.

Reduce photo size

The following stage in image SEO is to ensure that the downsized image is as tiny as feasible in file size. There are tools for doing this. Of course, you may just export the image and experiment with the quality levels you are willing to tolerate, but it is preferable to be able to use the entire image’s quality.

Optimize image size using tools

You can reduce image size by filtering out EXIF data. However, using programs such as ImageOptim, JPEGMini, PunyPNG, or Kraken. io is preferable.

After utilizing one of the tools listed above, use the YSlow tool to evaluate if your photos have been optimized.

Insert the image in the appropriate location on your article

Don’t just place your photograph in any random location. Position it alongside the most relevant content. This will be really helpful.

Caption

Captions are the text that appears beside the image. Why is this content so vital for SEO? People will utilize it to skim the article. Aside from the titles, users frequently look at the photographs and related subtitles. In a 1997 paper, Nielsen noted, “Elements that facilitate skimming include headlines, large text, bold text, highlighted content, bulleted content, graphs, illustrations, captions, topic sentences, and table of contents.” In 2012, KissMetric made the following statement: “Captions with images are read an average of 300% more than the main content, so not using captions, or providing inappropriate captions, means with the loss of the opportunity to reach a large number of potential readers. ”

Do we need to include subtitles with all images? Unnecessary. Having saying that, some photos just serve another purpose. Decide whether the image you have is suitable for SEO. Add captions if you believe your audience will require them. Aim for your audience first; don’t include captions solely for SEO.

Alt text and title

When an image cannot be displayed for some reason, alt text (or alt tag) is used to provide an explanation to the viewer. Wikipedia defines this issue very clearly: “In cases where an image cannot be displayed to the viewer, whether because they have turned off the image display feature on their web browser or because they are using a reader due to visual impairment, alternative text will ensure that no information or functionality is lost. “Remember to include alternative text. Make sure the alt text includes on-page SEO keywords and is relevant to/describes the image.

SEM Text: Readability score of an article – Flesch Score

An easy-to-read article will encourage people to read carefully and learn more about you. This is also a criterion that SEs use to determine the appeal of your article. Our Flesch core will determine the difficulty level of the content in your articles. How do we compute the Flesch readability score? Why is this score essential in SEO?

Let’s find out the answers and important knowledge about SEO in the brief text below regarding Flesch core.

Why is readability important for SEO?

It’s unclear whether readability is an evident ranking criteria. So we don’t know if Google’s algorithm includes a ranking criteria such as the Flesch score (or a comparable variation). Either way, from a holistic SEO approach, readability is a highly significant component.

If your writing is too tough to read, your readers will struggle to understand it. This can make them afraid and lead them to seek knowledge elsewhere. A difficult-to-read post will result in a high bounce rate, which will damage your website’s long-term rating. So, make sure your post is nicely written and not too difficult to read.

What does the Flesch legibility test measure?

Flesch readability assesses the complexity of an English text. Since the introduction of SEO 3. 5, we have also provided trustworthy scores in Dutch and German.

The lower the score, the more difficult the material is to read. The Flesch Readability Score is calculated using an equation that considers sentence length (words per sentence) and syllables per word. Texts with extraordinarily high Flesch readability scores (about 100) will be incredibly easy to read. These texts will have brief sentences with no more than two syllables per word. For online material, a readability score of 60-70 is regarded standard or acceptable.

Easy-to-read scoring table for writing

Flesch Point	Corresponding reading comprehension age
90-100	easily understood by 10 year old students
80-90	easily understood by 11 year old students
60-70	Easily understood by students in grades 8-10
0-30	Best understood by college graduates

07 Times when Translation Changed Human History

How significant has translation been throughout history? History is generated when different cultures collide, and translation has played an important role in the construction of historical events.

Learn seven examples of how translation changed the course of history:

1. Translating the Vulgate Bible

The Bible was translated hundreds of times as Christianity spread over the world. Its historical consequences are enormous. The Bible sparked battles, conquests, and crusades, as well as acts of kindness and bravery. Perhaps the most significant Bible translation dates back to 382 AD. In that year, Pope Damasus I commissioned St. Jerome to translate the Old and New Testaments from Greek and Hebrew into Latin. The resulting translation was known as the Vulgate. For thousands of years, most Christians (Christians) have only experienced this version of the Bible.

Of course, there were certain distinguishing aspects in St. Jerome’s translation. A notable example is the section where Moses returns with the Ten Commandments. Jerome used the Latin word “cornuta” (horned) for the Hebrew word “karan”. A better translation would have been “shining” or “radiant. “In any event, they interpreted it literally. As a result, the image of a horned Moses arose in medieval and Renaissance art.

2. Greek Philosophy Preserved in Arabic Translations

The ancient Greeks have made significant contributions to Western civilization. Classical Greek thinkers influenced and inspired Renaissance scholars and revolutionaries.

And did you know that Arabic translators have contributed much to our understanding of ancient Greek philosophy? Beginning in the eighth century, the Caliphs of the Abbasid dynasty directed the translation of Greek scholarly writings into Arabic. During a time when Europe and the Byzantine Empire had all but forgotten intellectuals like Socrates, Aristotle and Plato, Muslims kept their ideas alive.

3. Translator La Malinche translated for Cortés

During the Spanish conquest of Mexico, Hernán Cortés, the general in charge of the army, stated, “After God, Marina is the main reason for my success. ” (“Marina” was the Christian name of La Malinche, Cortés’ local interpreter and wife. )

La Malinche was fluent in Nahuatl and Mayan, and soon mastered Spanish. She translated and spoke for Cortes, so much so that Indians referred to them as a single entity. Without her, the New World would have been drastically different.

4. Did Khrushchev really threaten the West?

In 1956, during the height of the Cold War, Soviet Premier Nikita Khruschev informed a group of Western diplomats, “We will bury you. “The West perceived it as a threat, which fueled fear and animosity between Russian communists and Western capitalists.

But Khruschev’s statement was not intended as a threat. He used the Russian term “Мы вас пoхороним!” which translates to “We will be at your funeral” or “We will outlive you. “In another address in 1963, Khrushchev stated, “Of course, we will not bury you ourselves. “But your own working class will bury you. “But the damage is already done.

5. America Drops Bombs

At the time, most Americans believed that dropping atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki was necessary to conclude the war with Japan. Japan, after all, has refused to surrender. Is that really true?

When reporters asked Japanese Prime Minister Kantara Suzuki how his government felt about the Allies’ demand for Japan’s surrender, he replied: “Mokusatsu. ”

This one-word response was interpreted as “Not worthy of comment,” although it should have been translated as “[I] have no comment” because the Japanese government has not had the opportunity to consider surrendering. Two explosives were detonated in the following ten days. According to the United States National Security Agency:

“Whoever decided to translate mokusatsu with one meaning (even if it was the first definition in the dictionary) and not add a note that the word could also mean “refuse to comment” has does terrible harm to the readers of that person’s translation, who know nothing of Japanese, who will never see the original Japanese text and who will never know that an ambiguous word has been used. ”

6. Vietnam War

As Vizzini advises in the film The Princess Bride, “Never get involved in a war in Asia. ” That is especially true when the basis for the fight is a lack of intelligence and inaccurate translations. In 1964, the northern Vietnamese army allegedly assaulted American destroyers in the Gulf of Tonkin (Gulf of Tonkin Incident), twice. The second strike was cited by the US to justify war, although it never occurred.

According to the New York Times, the NSA made a mistake while translating intelligence information from North Vietnam. Following that, they refused to remedy the error. Instead, they deliberately altered the translation and destroyed the original documents.

For example, the translation of a line in an August 4 announcement by the North Vietnamese army. According to certain papers, the line “we sacrificed two comrades,” which refers to deaths in the confrontation with American ships on August 2, was mistranslated as “we sacrificed two comrades” ship. “According to the intelligence official, the statement referred to the North Vietnamese military reporting ship losses in a new fight on August 4.

The original Vietnamese version of this intercepted material, which differed from the information intercepted concurrently, was lost in the intelligence agency’s archives.

The cost? 1,313,000 people died, countless more were injured, and the devastating environmental impact of Agent Orange continues to this day.

7. The story of the canal on Mars

The two situations above are both tragic, therefore let us conclude on a positive note. In 1877, Italian astronomer Giovanni Schiaparelli Virginio began mapping the terrain of Mars, including seas, continents, and straits, which he dubbed “canali. “Fortunately for the science fiction genre, English-speaking astronomers have translated “canali” to “canal. “This implies that there is not only life on Mars, but also a civilization advanced enough to construct canals. This influenced later science fiction works such as H. G. Wells’ The War of the Worlds and Edgar Rice Burroughs’ A Princess of Mars.

How to Use the Prefixes Semi-, Hemi-, and Demi- in English

1. Prefix Semi- in English

The earliest and most common prefix in English is semi-, which comes from Latin and means “half”. Semi- was first employed in the direct sense of “half” in the word ‘semicircular’, but it quickly became connected with notions that are harder to measure.

A semi-circle is easy to recognize, but what does it have to look like to be considered ‘semi-abstract’? And what exactly is meant by ‘semi-permanent’? Through more abstract usage that grew prevalent in the 1800s, the prefix semi- also developed to imply “almost” or “somewhat,” as in “semiamusing” or “semi- semi-angry” (slightly displeased).

2. Prefix Hemi- in English

In Greek, hemi- means “half. ” It is less common than semi- and is more associated with technical language in fields such as chemistry, biology, and anatomy. The “half” meaning implies symmetry along the vertical axis.

For example, a hemicylinder is not a half cylinder in the sense of upper half, lower half; rather, it is a half sliced lengthwise. Similarly, hemiplegic refers to paralysis of the left or right side, whereas paraplegic refers to paralysis of the lower half. The term “hemisphere” is a specific instance because a sphere is symmetrical on all sides.

3. Prefix Demi- in English

Demi means “half” in French. It was initially used in English to discuss heraldry, where terms such as demi-angels (half-man, half-angel), demi-lions (half-man, half-lion), and demi-horses (half-man, half-horse) emerge. It also appears frequently in various sectors, such as military (demi-brigade: semi-brigade) and fashion (demi-cap, demi-lustre, demi-worsted). It also implies “virtual” or “less than”. For example, a demigod is not a legitimate deity, and a demicannon is a medium-sized cannon.

It appears ludicrous that English should borrow the prefix “half” from three different languages, but otherwise we wouldn’t have a word like ‘hemidemisemiquaver’ for ’64th note’, instead of having to say ‘the 2nd-2nd-2nd-2nd-8th note’.

East Asia – Home to the world’s most diverse writing styles

East Asia is a region in the east of Asia that includes eight countries and territories. China is East Asia’s largest country and oldest civilization, with Chinese writing serving as the cradle of East Asian writing.

Commonly used writing systems on the world

A writing system is a standardized means of storing information and sending messages in a language that uses intuitive encoding and decoding techniques.

Today, the globe has 18 different writing systems based on four common fonts:

Alphabet style (Latin, Vietnamese, . . . );
Pictographs, onomatopoeia (Chinese characters, Kana characters, . . . );
Abjad (Arabic, Hebrew, …); and
Abugida (India, Thailand, . . . ).

Writing is a cultural trait of each nation and is tied to each other in the historical process of exchange and colonial conquest. Today, the Latin script is the most used globally since it is scientific and easy to remember.

Figurative and onomatopoeic writing – Asian cultural features

We might start by assuming that Chinese characters (Chinese characters) were the first known written form in East Asia. In fact, the first texts produced in Vietnam, Japan, and Korea were frequently written in Chinese characters. Local place names and people’s names are frequently written using the pronunciation of Chinese characters, and this norm becomes more prevalent when Chinese characters are employed as the script of the local language.

Today, countries such as Japan, South Korea, and North Korea have developed their own writing systems, such as Hangul in South Korea and Kana in Japan, but their writing systems differ. It retains a Chinese flavor, as evidenced by the perfect squares.

Why do East Asian countries need to invent their own writing systems?

One cause could be the ego of East Asian dynasties. Kings in East Asia gradually recognized the need of having a distinct culture for their country, therefore they investigated and developed their own writing systems.

Although the circumstances surrounding the invention or development of the various East Asian writing systems varied, they all have one feature in common. All of them are related to Chinese characters, or at least the “ideal square” shape. This is plainly demonstrated in the characters created during the Party’s reign or in Vietnam; in Japan, the two kana alphabets represent simplified or cursive variants of Chinese characters. Elena Berlanda provides the greatest explanation for the diversity of writing systems, citing “disjunction,” or the urge to be different.

For the Hangang people, who were at odds with China, creating their own writing was a political gesture that demonstrated their independence from the region’s main force. Separate writing systems for local languages gained significance by using a script formerly solely available to Chinese speakers. Indeed, the diversity of East Asian scripts mirrors what Kublai Khan declared in the 13th century when he pushed the development of a script for the Mongol Empire: “Every country has its own writing. “

This is undoubtedly true in East Asia today, but prior to the twentieth century, while each country had its own script for its own language, Chinese writing maintained its prestige. The majority of intellectual literature on medicine, philosophy, and Buddhism were still written in Chinese. Chinese had the advantage of having a single literary language, but when the vernacular became widely used in the twentieth century, East Asia lost that common language. This is the price to pay when indigenous languages take over.

The Future of English in Online Business

English is the primary language for worldwide commercial and foreign affairs activity. English is also the official language of the United Nations (UN), the European Union (EU), and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and it is the most widely used language on the internet. The number of English speakers is expected to rise to 2 billion by 2020, illustrating the importance of English in the future. Although English is not widely spoken in many countries, it remains a key language for international economic activity, particularly in industries such as tourism and travel.

A look at Global Online Languages

It is apparent that persons who do not speak English will have trouble locating information online without asking for assistance. According to one survey, the percentage of English-language websites has declined dramatically over the last few decades, from 80% in the 1990s to 45% in the mid-2000s. According to the report, 72% of users exclusively browse and buy on websites in their home tongue. 56% of users say that information published in their native language is more significant than the price of the product.

The foregoing tendencies indicate that English will not be able to sustain its current global appeal, at least in the digital age. The popularity of Chinese, Spanish, French, and Portuguese, as well as the rise in mobile users and Britain’s Brexit referendum, have led to the development of new languages.

Mobile-first market in India

India has already eclipsed China as the world’s fastest expanding market, with a growth rate of 7. 3% annually. The use of mobile devices is one of the key drivers of growth. Although only 22% of the population was online in 2015, by 2020, India will be the world’s third largest smartphone market, with 750 million users.

Language variety is a difficulty for organizations looking to capitalize on this new customer market. Leading online shopping sites in this industry must supply material in the country’s 22 official languages.

China’s economy is growing strongly

With a population of 1. 3 billion, China has the highest English learning rate of any country. However, of the seven major dialects, Mandarin is by far the most dominant. The Chinese government is encouraging traditional Cantonese-speaking regions (such as Hong Kong and Macau) to learn Mandarin, and the language is gaining popularity in other Asian countries.

China’s economy and worldwide status have grown exponentially over the last few decades, and it will become Southeast Asia’s primary trading partner. Experts predict that as corporations perform more transactions in yuan than in US dollars, Mandarin will supplant English – even if many experts believe the new multilingual trend is necessary.

Popularity of Spanish

The number of native Spanish speakers is second only to Mandarin. Aside from Spain, the United States and Mexico have the highest number of Spanish speakers in the globe. There are currently 41 million native Spanish speakers and 11. 6 million native bilinguals in the United States alone, with the number of speakers expected to reach 138 million by 2050.

Many countries have designated Spanish as the most essential language to learn in schools, and many see the global focus on Spain as a sign of economic transformation. According to studies, bilateral trade grew by roughly 300% when conducted in Spanish, indicating that essential steps should be taken by enterprises looking to expand into new markets. is expanding quickly throughout Latin America.

Negative impact of the UK’s Brexit

The European Union, a major economic partner for the United Kingdom, the United States, and China, is another economy to keep an eye on. However, Brexit has rendered English dominance moot. No longer are the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Malta the only two EU nations who use English as an official language, accounting for barely 1% of the EU’s total population of 300 million.

There have been suggestions that the EU will change its official language to French or German, but English will remain unchanged for the time being. This represents an unparalleled potential for UK-based businesses to expand abroad.

Which language will dominate the internet in the future?

In general, it is difficult to envisage any single language as dominating. Every day, the globe becomes more connected, the basic human desire to be understood grows greater, and technology is doing incredible things to aid multilingual communication.

That is not to say that English will lose its value entirely. English is not the only business language of the future, but it must be among them. Global firms will simply need to adjust their messaging to meet changing client expectations, which includes embracing the multilingual trend.

Translation: The Adversity between Price, Quality and Time

Any organization that needs to provide a service wants to locate a supplier who guarantees all three factors: pricing, quality, and time. However, the question is, to what extent can the supplier meet all three of the aforementioned parameters simultaneously?

Customization in translation

Translation is a service that produces a product with a distinct shape, but it is not molded, thus it cannot be mass-produced and then stored in a warehouse, ready to be supplied to clients as soon as they desire it. This means that once a client demands a translation, a complex process begins. During this procedure, a variety of elements will be prioritized based on each customer’s individual requirements.

Adversity between Price and Translation Time

For example, if a customer requires an urgent translation, the price will almost likely be greater than usual because the translation company must quickly find a team of translators, proofreaders, and proofreaders. Have the necessary qualifications and capacity to lead that project.

The urgent translation process will be activated, and the translation crew may be required to work late, even overnight, to keep up with developments.

Adversity between Time and Translation Quality

It is instantly clear that if we want a high-quality translation that has gone through all of the steps to ensure that the end output fulfills the customer’s criteria (quality consistency). terminology, without spelling mistakes, acceptable style, localization, etc. ) And if we anticipate the translation to be accomplished quickly and at a cheap cost to the consumer, it’s unfortunate that this is so difficult to accomplish.

Adversity between Price and Translation Quality

There are numerous common parables in life, such as “The Paper Shirt”. Translation is certainly a brainy work and more tough than other businesses because translators must not only have good language skills but also be knowledgable. As a result, the salary for such a translator will be higher than average.

The above is only one of the aspects that contribute to a high-quality translation. Of course, a professional translation company cannot impose the principle that “you get what you pay for”. A translation product must meet the most fundamental requirements for accurate and thorough translation. Simply said, translation companies must follow a set of procedures and adhere to a set of established criteria. This means that price and quality must be proportional to one another.

How to overcome adversity?

When discussing a translation project, it is crucial to prioritize two of these three key characteristics, while maximizing all three is unlikely. The possible combinations are the following:

Price and quality: In this instance, time must be sacrificed in order to effectively manage the project. What can be done is assign one person to handle the translation, one to edit, and another to proofread. This will help ensure maximum consistency in terminology and style.
Price and time: Quality is sacrificed in this situation since the translation is allocated to more than one translator, and maybe more than one editor, limiting the capacity to produce a consistent and high-quality outcome.
Quality and time: This option eliminates “lowest cost” from the decision-making process and instead emphasizes the necessity of the translation. The supplier will need to find a translator for the project’s specialization, and because the translator will need to work swiftly and possibly overtime on top of the regular timetable, the supplier can charge a premium rate. More for their services and the overall cost of the project.

Conclusion: Adversity of price – quality – time

As can be seen, it is challenging to produce a high-quality product at a low cost in a short period. Companies wishing to hire translation services must grasp this and evaluate which factors can be overlooked in order to focus their efforts on the remaining aspects and obtain the best outcomes.

When employing translation services, a corporation must consider the following aspects to understand why the pricing is set as it is. Translation is a difficult task that must be completed by qualified individuals who are not only fluent in the language but also knowledgeable about the specific project’s specialized subject.

5 commonly used translation techniques

Cultural differences lead to differences in oral and written communication from country to country. For example, there is a tendency to use passive voice more in English. On the contrary, Vietnamese will prefer active voice. Applying the translation techniques listed in this article will make your translation easier to read for native speakers.

It should be noted that translators often apply some specific techniques (instead of strategies) during the translation process, for example:

#1. Restructuring

Changing the “appearance” of the sentence in terms of syntax and word order ensures the translation conforms to the discourse rules of the native language. This technique may involve reduction or expansion of the sentence, depending on the combination and type of language.

#2. Putting information at the beginning of the sentence

Starting a sentence with new information is a common phenomenon in English. This beginning is often used to introduce people (e.g. New Tory Prime Minister Theresa May), which is the subject of the sentence. Such technique is a typical pattern in languages that easily form compounds.

#3. Converting negative statements into positive ones

Using positive language instead of negative language can make sentences shorter and more concise (for example: “not provide adequate information” > “provide inadequate information”).

#4. Vocabulary gap

It is not a rare phenomenon for a source language unit to have a broader meaning than the target language unit (for example: The Italian word “ricerca” means both “study” and “search” in English). Context is key to finding solutions in these cases.

#5. Generalization and specification

The translation practice from the source language to the target language sometimes becomes smoother as the translator rewrites the text in a more general or specific manner. This action may be aimed at “improving” the structure of the original text to increase the level of information adoption or increase/decrease the level of emphasis. It is necessary to notify in advance when performing this technique because it may cause omission or addition of information to the translation (adding information is also a form of omission because the core meaning of the original text may be “embellished”). This technique should be avoided when translating legal documents such as contracts or patents.

TOP 10 micro-strategies in translation

The proposed micro-strategies are a “ten-point list” of tactics based on Peter Newmark’s recognized strategies (Approaches to Translation, 1988, Hertfordshire, UK, Prentice Hall, pp. 82-91). These include linguistic units in the source text that can be translated directly, one-to-one counterparts or near equivalents, and solutions for dealing with units that are difficult or impossible to translate until altered.

These strategies are listed, described, and developed below. .

Ten micro-strategies in translation tasks

(1) Putting the original word into the translation (direct borrowing)

English words are occasionally transmitted intact into translation for linguistic or cultural reasons. This method is frequently employed when words are borrowed or do not have equivalent meanings.

For example: i) a culturally specific English word/phrase (e. g. golf, cricket, club, cottage) has no equivalent in the target language; ii) an English word or phrase that, according to the translator’s assumption, can be understood by the target audience (e. g. , “TV”), possibly an assimilated loanword.

(2) Adaptation

The literal translation of a word or phrase that captures the original (metaphorical) image in the source language and has become a well-known, often used term in the target language.

For example : the phrase “flea market” (chợ trời), (there are many languages that use a literal translation, such as French marché aux puces (chợ bọ chét)).

(3) Use direct equivalents

One-to-one translation is a popular technique in technical, scientific, and other specialist literature, in which the meaning of a word or term acquired by readers in the source and destination languages must be identical to avoid ambiguity.

However, in the original language, there may be two words that correspond to the same notion, with just a change in terms (for example, influenza/flu (cúm) or hypertension/high blood pressure (tăng huyết áp).

(4) Cultural equivalence

The word “laywer” is an example of a cultural unit in the source language being replaced by another unit in the target language. In German, the term for a lawyer is “Rechtsanwalt” or “Anwalt,” while Romance languages use phrases like “avocat” in French.

In English, “laywer” and “avocat” are broad phrases, but there are also specialist terminology for specific legal titles, such as Jurist/juriste/giurista (lawyer). The situation becomes more convoluted when, in the Scottish legal system, the term advocate (or counsel) is used to refer to a member of the legal body who represents a client in legal proceedings. In Scotland, the term “barrister” (litigation lawyer) has different meanings than in England and Wales. Additionally, the term “counsel” is used differently in both systems.

In 2006, the designation “solicitor-advocate” was adopted in England and Wales, allowing legal firms to represent clients in the Crown Court without the need for a barrister. According to Newmark (1988:83), the transfer of terms from one language to another can be imprecise. For instance, the Italian/English language pair “avvocato/solicitor” or “avvocato/barrister” is used by convention rather than being equivalent.

(5) Use synonyms

Newmark believes synonyms to be “close equivalents in meaning in the target language” (1988:84). For example, the English phrase “homesick” has a similar form in German, but French, Spanish, and Italian use the word “nostalgia” (which has a slightly different connotation in English).

(6) Meaning translation

To translate a word or phrase from one language to another, use the standard neutral form. For example, “custard” in English is translated as “crema pastelera” (custard cream) or “natillas” (custard) in Spanish, “Vanillesauce” (Vanilla sauce) or “Eierkrem” (egg cream) in German, and “crema inglese” (English cream) in Italian.

When direct transmission of cultural aspects is not possible, the translator must express the information contained in the source language unit in the target language in the most effective and concise manner possible. The translation method can be used to convey metaphors when the literal translation of the component elements feels too “Western”.

(7) Development or simulation

These methods are frequently utilized when shorter translation options are ineffective, or when more information and context are required to assist readers grasp the problem. The term “Ealing Studios” refers to more than just the film studios in London; it also encompasses the surrounding culture. These (now-defunct) film studios formed in the 1950s, producing comedy and war films. When stating “Ealing comedy,” include a quick explanation in parentheses or a specific style of film to ensure the target audience understands the context. Footnotes or translator’s comments can be used if the footnotes are too long, however these additions will make the target text more “bulky”.

When captions or brief explanations fail to capture cultural nuances, translators may need to use a mimetic approach. For instance, “rice pudding” refers to a traditional sweet served after dinner in schools, instilling knowledge in generations. causes nausea in students (yet is a favorite dish among many other students).

The decision on which approach to use is mostly determined by the translator’s assessment of the level of explicitness required in the target culture and setting.

(8) Simplified Translation

Some writings are written in an unduly convoluted style, making the standard translation of the target text opaque. Sometimes the flowery, polished character of the source language is a stylistic feature that must be properly expressed in the translation.

In other circumstances, the wordy style of the original text stems from repetition, or poor writing and expression skills, and may therefore need to be “pruned” if it is to be delivered. The message should be conveyed clearly and precisely in the target text. When simplification is used in translation, linguistic units in the source text can be eliminated.

This is not always a strategy, and it is only permissible in circumstances of superfluous duplication or overlap (for example, two adjectives with the same meaning when one would enough), or when the word or phrase serves no purpose in a sentence. When deciding to simplify, consider the potential implications (such as unfinished sentences and loss of meaning).

(9) Change grammar/syntax

The degree of change regarded appropriate (or necessary) during translation is determined by the structural conventions of the source and target languages. Romance languages typically utilize nouns, adjectives, and major sentences, but English takes an interpretative approach. Language is more pragmatic and instinctive, emphasizing verb forms and subordinate clauses. Essentially, this is a generalization strategy; nevertheless, the translator of the English-Romance language pair (both directions) will focus too much on the contrasts in discourse characteristics.

Because English has few such “grammatical” structures, word order is vital in establishing cohesion and coherence, but in the highly varied Romance languages, cohesion and coherence are more dependent on grammar and syntax than on word order. In this language group, a sentence can start with a subject, direct object, or indirect object, although “playing” with English word order can soon lose coherence and direction.

Texts that offer information, instructions, or advice are typically written in simpler formats than texts that present arguments or expositions, such as academic texts. As a result, specialized art history texts in English can be written in a language just as formal (and difficult) as Romance works.

(10) Compensation

Compensation strategies are employed in a number of ways to preserve as much of the source text’s meaning as feasible. Cambridge University’s “Translation Toolkit,” which is supplied to students on modern linguistics courses, states that:

“The issue in translation is acknowledging that the translator’s task is to minimize loss of meaning by making conscious decisions about which aspects to preserve and which to sacrifice in the source text. Compensation is making choices and judgments to reduce unsatisfactory situations and offer better alternatives. ”

The well-known (and frequently misused) expression “lost in translation” refers to the fact that translation is an automatic process that results in loss of information and accuracy, and that transmission messages can be misleading, resulting in obscure and even hilarious circumstances. It is critical to acknowledge that losses are unavoidable in all translation processes, and to take steps to reduce and compensate for them.

According to Cragie and colleagues (2015:36), compensation can be classified into three types: modal compensation, which involves making the implicit explicit (or vice versa). The textual meaning substitutes the associative meaning (or vice versa), whereas the concrete is replaced by the abstract. These behaviors frequently require the employment of various components of speech and grammatical structures, which may replace a single word or develop into lengthier units.

Compensation is essentially a “loss limitation measure”. The existence of this method implies acknowledging the necessity for compromise in order to transmit clearly, properly, and appropriately those portions of the message that cannot be translated from the source text to the target text. The authors aim to underline that these must be rational decisions on a case-by-case basis, since compensatory techniques lack a precise scientific basis.

In fact, the success of the compensation plan is dependent on the translator’s ability.

determine (possible) translation losses stemming from features of the source text such as: untranslatable units, uncertain meaning, low source text quality, irregular sentence structure, emergent terms, dialects, slang, metaphors, cultural inequivalence, , and
to identify solutions to close the “gap” that translation losses cause, both in the specific context and within the macro-strategy that was developed and implemented from the start.

Vietnamese translation: Easy or difficult?

I have 10 years of working experience as a Vietnamese translator. My main language pairs are English – Vietnam and vice versa. Sometimes I am also asked to translate simple French documents because I am originally a French learner. I think 10 years is probably long enough for me to crystallize a few worth sharing things. It’s all about the question Is Vietnamese translation easy or tricky?

Grammar, a hurdle in Vietnamese translation?

There is a saying that goes “Greatest storms should not beat the Vietnamese grammar”. Just with this, we can figure out how “disastrous” Vietnamese grammar is. But let me tell you, Vietnamese grammar is actually super easy, so easy that it hardly exists. Then why is it a hurdle?

“Everything is not what it seems”, this also applies for this case. Vietnamese tends to mix up speaking and writing languages, and even Internet slang nowadays. This is somehow really dangerous. As a result, it is hard to find a proper translation.

Recently when I listened to a conversation on the radio, the MC of a national TV station said to the audience: – Nếu bác còn lăn tăn về tình trạng của mình thì bác có thể tìm đến gặp trực tiếp bác sĩ chuyên khoa. (If you are still confuzzed/confused about your condition, you can go directly to a specialist.)

First of all, the word “lăn tăn” (confuzzed) should not be used because it is considered slang. The appropriate one must be “băn khoăn“ (confused).

Another example of a common mistake: “– Chúng ta cần phải tiến hành thực hiện nghiêm chỉnh 5K trong phòng chống dịch.” (We must need to implement and strictly follow 5K rules for pandemic control.) The Vietnamese sentence seems to be fine at a glance. However, the correct version must be: “- Chúng ta phải thực hiện nghiêm chỉnh 5K trong phòng chống dịch.” (We must strictly follow 5K rules for pandemic control.)

The phrase “tiến hành thực hiện” is redundant because only “tiến hành” or “thực hiện” is enough. Using both only causes repetition.

That’s not all. Because Vietnam is an isolating language, sometimes there are many interpretations of a sentence, and in many cases, interpretations are opposite in meaning. Let’s try this as a quiz: Find some Vietnamese sentences with two opposite meanings. Send me an email to [email protected] to get your prize.

Differences in sentence length in English and Vietnamese

This is a challenge for those who are involved in websites, software, games or mobile application localization.

Software interfaces usually do not allow sentences that are too long. Translating into Vietnamese will often make sentences longer, which significantly affects the interface and user experience. Your beautiful English application interface can be a dump in Vietnamese.

Take the names of functions in mobile apps as an example. The screen size is limited; therefore finding a concise Vietnamese phrase of equivalent length that can be understood correctly is really a huge challenge.

A typical example: Add media = Thêm nội dung đa phương tiện/Thêm đa phương tiện.

In this case, we can borrow English words to make the Vietnamese sentence sound more professional. For example: “Thêm Media”

In fact, Vietnamese translations are on average 15% longer than English translations in terms of word count.

Vietnamese writing style: A humongous challenge

Let me use some trendy words in the title of this section because this may be the only place where I can freely use them.

In fact, English is very scientific. One writing style can be used on different occasions. The readers will have their own way to understand. After all, the message remains the same. Everyone can correctly understand the writer’s intention.

It is a bit different in Vietnamese. We have marketing writing style, legal writing style or free writing style, etc. Translators need to be more creative or be very familiar with each type of document, to be able to produce a translation that meets the customer’s wishes.

All in all, Vietnamese translation is easy or tricky?

In my opinion, translating from Vietnamese to English will be much easier than translating from English to Vietnamese. Wonder why?

I will understand Vietnamese better as a native. Only when I correctly understand, I can adapt it into English.
My field of expertise is legal translation. The English language is very clear and scientific. I will not have trouble choosing the appropriate writing style if I translate from Vietnamese to English. I cannot say the same for English-Vietnamese translation.
It’s easier to check English documents for grammar and spelling errors compared to Vietnamese. Trust me, it’s the reality.
I have accumulated a lot of experience in adapting a Vietnamese sentence into English effectively.
And on top of that, I am confident that I will translate Vietnamese into English better than an English-speaking translator. You must already know this. If not, please read this article one more time.

Instructions for Vietnamese spellchecking for Translators

Checking Vietnamese spelling (typo check) is a key step towards perfecting the translation. Inexperienced translators frequently make this mistake, and typos are among the most serious translation errors.

This tutorial will go over how to create custom dictionaries and use automated spell checking with MS Word text editing software (all versions).

Instructions for checking Vietnamese spelling errors on Words documents

Usually, translators do the final translation of Word documents. This means that regardless of which CAT application is used during the translation process, the end result is typically a Word document.

Step 1: Create a custom Vietnamese dictionary

Words is computer software, thus it requires input data to determine which Vietnamese words are correct and which are incorrect.

Creating a Vietnamese dictionary is simple: use notepad program, enter Vietnamese words one per line, and save in vietnamese.dic format (seen below).

Creating a dictionary takes a significant amount of time and work. We have also produced a Vietnamese dictionary with approximately 6600 terms for you to utilize. Download the Vietnamese dictionary, which is provided below.

Step 2: Update the Vietnamese spell checking tool in Words

In the Word Options window, as illustrated below. To add Vietnamese to the “Office authoring languages and proofing” box, pick the Language tab.

To add Vietnamese to the spell checking tool, click on the blue text “Proofing available” in Vietnamese or use the “Add a Language. . . ” button in the Office authoring languages and proofing box. You just need to wait for MS Word to refresh and it’s done.

Step 3: Add Vietnamese custom dictionary to Words

This is a critical step to ensure that Words recognizes Vietnamese words with typos in your text.

First, make a folder called “Word Proofing Tools” in My Documents, and then move your own dictionary file there.

Next, select the Proofing tab in the Word Options window as shown below.

You can choose Options like the image above to ensure Vietnamese spell checking in Words is performed.

Add Vietnamese dictionary to Words

To add a Vietnamese dictionary, click the “Custom Dictionaries . . . ” button, then click the Add. . . button in the Custom Dictionaries window as below:

At the Add Custom Dictionary window, select the dictionary you want to add. As shown below, I am choosing the Vietnamese.dic dictionary. Then press the Open button.

After the Vietnamese dictionary is added, you can set it as default and click OK as shown below.

Add new Vietnamese words to the existing dictionary

While editing, you may also come across many other Vietnamese words that are not in the custom dictionary, and do the following if you want to add them to that dictionary.

Right-click on the word you want to add and select “Add to Dictionary”.

Instructions to download and install Trados Studio 2021

Trados Studio 2021 is a powerful translation software that can be used for everything from simple everyday translations to professional translation projects. In this tutorial, I will walk you through the entire process of selecting the proper version and installing Trados Studio 2021 on your personal computer.

Choose the appropriate Trados version

Trados Studio 2021 is offered in two versions, each adapted to the demands of individual translators and language service providers (LSPs).

Trados Studio Freelance: is the most popular edition for freelancers, as it includes all of the tools required for translation and proofreading.
Trados Studio Professional: offers additional features for businesses, including no language limits, translation project management, and online teamwork.

You can refer to the price and license to use Trados Studio 2021 software here .

Download Trados Studio 2021 version

SDL lets you download, install, and test 30 versions of Trados Studio 2021. After this period, you have the option of paying an annual charge or making a one-time purchase that you can use for life.

After clicking the download link above, fill out the information form at the bottom of the page, and SDL will send you a link to your email address so you may download immediately.

You can also download Trados Studio 2021 directly from the link provided at the end of this post.

The next thing is that you just need to click on the link and save the SDLTradosStudio2021_16. 0. 1. 2917. exe file to your computer.

Instructions for installing Trados Studio 2021

Installation is also quite simple. Double click on the downloaded file and click Yes to let the installer begin.

After clicking Accept, the Trados Studio 2021 installer will decompress and automatically run the Trados “License Agreement” copyright approval window as below. You need to tick the button “I accept the terms of the licensee agreement” as shown below.

Click the Next button to start the automatic installation process of Trados Studio 2021.

Now you just need to wait about 5 – 10 minutes for the Trados software to be completely installed.

When completed, a notification that the installation has been completed will appear. Click OK to close the window.

German language and culture

Discover the German language and culture with AM Vietnam.

German language and culture

German (Deutsch) is the official language of Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, and Belgium, as well as Germany itself. German is a member of the Germanic language family, often known as the Indo-European language family, and specifically the West Germanic language family, which includes the three most common languages: English, German, and Dutch.

How many people speak German worldwide?

In Europe, German is the language with the most native speakers in the European Union, with approximately 100 million, the second most utilized in science, and the third most extensively used in the WWW online environment, following English and Russian. Furthermore, German is becoming increasingly popular as a second foreign language after English. Globally, German has approximately 170-220 million people, including:

Number of people who speak German as their first (native) language: 90 ~ 95 million people
Number of people who speak German as a second language: 10 ~ 25 million people
Number of people who speak German as a foreign language: 70 ~ 100 million people (Including Vietnam)

German, like English, is a fusion language, which means that lexical and grammatical meanings are combined in words and cannot be separated. Nouns in German are classified by case (including subject case (name case), direct form, possessive case, and giving case (donative case), gender (masculine, feminine, and neuter), and number (single and plural). In addition, this language also includes other grammatical concerns such as articles and inflections, which are aspects that are less recognizable to speakers of isolated languages such as Vietnamese. Therefore, when learning and translating German into Vietnamese, learners as well as translators need to completely know both languages to be able to correctly and thoroughly understand the intention of the original.

German culture

German culture is rich and ancient, with a focus on precision and innovation. Notable figures include composers Ludwig van Beethoven and Johann Sebastian Bach, poets Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Friedrich Schiller, philosophers, scientists, and scholars, as well as inventions.

AM Vietnam collaborates with local German professionals in a variety of sectors across the globe. Our German staff has vast experience in information technology, healthcare, law, tourism, and engineering. AM is always prepared to meet your language requirements thanks to its international translation experience.

Leading in specialized German translation

AM Vietnam specializes on offering specialised translation services. We are the top professional language service provider in Vietnam.

German translation services at AM Vietnam

Translating documents into German – Vietnamese, German – English
German Interpretation Service
Mobile Game Localization
Multilingual Content Editing
Subtitles & Dubbing
Notarized Vietnamese – German, German – English translation
DTP & Printing

Specialized German translation

Translate legal documents from German to Vietnamese,
Medical – Pharmaceutical field,
Translate technical German documents
English – Vietnamese website
Translated into German Marketing – Communications
Tourism – Hospitalization Sector
German specialized in Finance – Banking – Insurance

Translation of German Website

AM offers professional website translation services from German to Vietnamese or other languages, adhering to international standards. We are prepared to offer complete and effective Website content management services to all customers worldwide.

ISO quality in German translation

AM always treats clients with passion and professionalism in all service activities. We are a pioneering translation company in the field of translation, adhering to ISO 17100:2015 and ISO 9001:2015 protocols to ensure the quality of our goods and services.

Learn about German translation services at AM Vietnam

Globally, there are around 170-220 million German speakers, including a portion of Vietnamese citizens.

The future of e-commerce

In recent decades, e-commerce platforms have steadily permeated our daily lives. Today, internet giants such as Amazon and Alibaba are well-known for their generous discounts and quick buying alternatives. The history of e-commerce is undoubtedly full of occurrences. But how about its future? This field’s future development and expansion will continue to be highly influenced by technological advancements and socio-cultural factors. Let us find out in this article.

AI and Machine Learning

In practical applications, machine learning can be used to manage inventories by assessing sales and projecting when to replenish. Machine learning can also improve customer service by enabling chatboxes (chatbots) to provide assistance promptly and around the clock.

E-commerce may improve customer service by employing AI to provide appropriate search results based on buyer information and purchase behavior.

AI can also assist in the creation of more thorough and accurate purchase profiles, which can then be used by marketers to obtain more personalized information about target consumers. AI can evaluate purchase transactions and recommend related products or items that customers can buy together.

Amazon has stated that their recommendation engine generates up to 35% of sales, illustrating the value of machine learning for e-commerce businesses. Indeed, iAI can be a tremendous driver of growth and customer pleasure.

AR/VR

Augmented reality and virtual reality (AR/VR) are sure to dominate e-commerce. AR and VR have transformed customer shopping by offering immersive and interactive experiences that provide insight into the performance of products and services.

Sephora’s Virtual Artist function is an effective utilization of augmented reality. This feature allows users to test out their chosen makeup look on an app or website by selecting a model with skin tone that is similar to their own, or by uploading a photo of themselves and selecting makeup from the wide range of makeup items or brands available.

AR lets buyers not have to worry about if the thing purchased online fits their expectations. Meanwhile, VR enables customers to visit a virtual store. In the case of eBay, with the assistance of Australian retailer Myer, customers may make purchases from a virtual reality department store using a VR headset.

They may also explore virtual shelves , buy and analyze items simply by looking at them or staring at them for a few seconds – a feature known as “eBay Sight Search” by the business. They can also browse these virtual shelves, with the top 100 products displayed in 3D and the rest in 2D.

Payment with virtual currency

Digital currencies, such as Bitcoin, are predicted to be the payment mechanism of the future since they eliminate the need for intermediaries between the seller and the client, giving both sides more effective control. How they trade. These coins also have very low or even zero transaction fees, as compared to traditional settlement systems, which can be substantially more.

Many e-commerce sites are accepting virtual currency payments, which could lead to a shift in purchasing habits.

Multi-channel purchasing

Managing various channels for your business can be difficult and confusing. Indeed, nearly one-third of retailers “lack the inventory visibility across stores, suppliers, and warehouses” necessary for omnichannel adoption.

This can be problematic because around 86% of those polled shop across at least two touchpoints or channels, implying that a shopper’s interest can begin offline or online. However, the purchasing process can only be traced if it is completed online.

Multi-channel marketing entails striking a balance so that your target audience does not become irrelevant, as well as not splurging on techniques to convert those who were never interested in your product. Omnichannel also means knowing when and when to amplify or show discretion across your platforms.

Take advantage of content to drive engagement

Various surveys and studies on content marketing discovered that:

74% of respondents are frustrated when the content is not relevant to their interests.
56% said they are more likely to support a retailer who provides a personalized experience.
Content-focused brands save over $14 for each new customer obtained.
HubSpot discovered that content can increase website conversion rates from 6% to 12%.
According to Gartner, 64% of respondents consider customer experience more essential than price when choosing a brand.

Great material that is instructive and engaging, suited to client needs; But it’s hard to make it well. With customers becoming increasingly impatient, marketers now need to optimize their content to generate product interest and sales, while maintaining high quality standards.

Opportunities for B2B

Wholesale e-commerce platforms have an even greater possibility to expand, as B2B e-commerce generates up to $5 trillion more revenue than B2C. As of the end of 2017, Statista estimated that “the total merchandise volume of B2B e-commerce transactions is expected to reach $7. 66 trillion, compared to $5. 83 trillion in 2013. “Meanwhile, B2C transactions are expected to be worth $2. 143 trillion in total.

B2B client replies had an average conversion rate of 10%, which was more than three times higher than that of B2C customers. This demonstrates that there are significant untapped prospects for B2B firms that have not yet established e-commerce channels.

6 key online marketing channels in the e-commerce business

Success in e-commerce sales is more than just managing your online store well. Sellers must market their sales page to attract traffic and sales.

That is when we need digital marketing. Digital marketing is an excellent approach for sellers to promote brands and products, create trust and drive people to shop online, and even invite back customers who have previously purchased in-store.

Digital marketing may be described as a powerful tool for e-commerce firms to reach out to customers using specialized techniques. You should not test all channels at once, but rather start with a specific channel. The next steps are to think about your business objectives, budget, and target audience.

What is digital marketing?

Digital marketing is the process of promoting brands, products, and services using paid or unpaid advertising on internet platforms such as Facebook and Instagram. Digital marketing comprises a variety of online advertising efforts for e-commerce enterprises.

Promotional actions do not only come from businesses alone as many large players in the industry have also learned how to persuade customers to become “speakers” to attract new purchasers. A customer who evaluates a product on an online platform or comments positively on a store on social media is also engaging in digital marketing.

Currently, more than three-quarters of firms are actively undertaking marketing initiatives to promote their brands. The most typical marketing goals for such organizations are growing brand awareness, sales, engagement, audience discovery, and revenue generation. Businesses can attain these goals by implementing a digital marketing strategy.

Build a digital marketing strategy

A thorough digital marketing strategy entails incorporating multichannel promotion. In general, most firms employ a combination of Facebook, Instagram, email, and SEO, among other strategies. Businesses’ ability to successfully use sales channels is heavily influenced by the customer’s entertainment platform, budget, and company goals.

Here are some of the most successful strategies to employ popular digital marketing platforms to grow your internet business.

Social network marketing

Social media marketing is an excellent approach to interact with existing consumers and establish connections with new ones. Social media platforms are gradually integrating all online commerce channels, from Facebook and Twitter to specialty sites like Houzz and Twitch. Some of the major social networking platforms you should try include:

Facebook, 2. 3 billion monthly active users
Instagram, 1 billion monthly active users
Twitter, 206 million daily active users
Snapchat, with a total of 530 million active users
Pinterest, 454 million monthly active users
TikTok, currently one of the fastest growing social networks, with 205 million downloads

These sites allow you to create posts with organic reach. Organic reach postings are a way for a business to update material on its page(s) without spending money on advertising. The optimal technique is to blend interesting promotional content with organic posts, with advertising content appearing more frequently. You also need to determine a reasonable posting ratio, as too many self-promotional posts can result in unfollows.

MADRE Linen, for example, has an Instagram homepage that alternates between lifestyle and product images.

However, with organic posts, reach and interaction are totally dependent on algorithms. To reach more people and increase your social media views, you can learn more about paid advertising and other forms of digital marketing. Each major network provides numerous unique advertising opportunities for businesses to organize.

Promotional emails

Email is a popular digital communication medium used by organizations. According to Forrester Analytics’ Email Marketing Forecast, 2018-2023 (USA), email usage frequency is gradually growing. Approximately 96% of people aged 12 and up utilize digital channels, and an increasing number are prepared to sign up to receive promotional emails from firms. However, there is growing unhappiness with brand emails, which means that brands have more opportunities to use them effectively.

Furthermore, email is an excellent way to contact consumers of all ages. In fact, many web users aged 12 to 17 choose email over Snapchat and Facebook.

Email marketing software can be used to create personalized email campaigns by segmenting customer lists and creating customer profiles. Email can also be used to include promotional and other information, such as newsletters with helpful product information, exclusive discounts for newsletter subscribers, early notifications, and access to affiliate programs and special sales.

Advertising and search engine optimization

Search engine advertising (SEM) and search engine optimization (SEO) are actions that aim to boost a website’s reach and discoverability via internet search engines. Specifically, if you utilize SEM, you are executing a paid strategy, whereas SEO is used to implement a non-paid plan.

According to one report, search engine results pages (SERPs) drive 35% of all traffic and 33% of revenue for online enterprises. Although there are many search engines out there, Google by far dominates this space and is therefore the search engine most preferred by businesses.

SEM allows you to run pay-per-click (PPC) display advertising from your Google advertising dashboard, targeting specific keywords for searches related to your keywords. selected. The money necessary for the approach will vary depending on the aims and level of keyword competition, but you can be confident that each budget level has its own execution choices.

One example is LOVBYT, a firm that sells chemical-free toothpaste that has not been tested on animals, which uses SEM to conduct a digital marketing plan by bidding on the keyword phrase “organic toothpaste” to appear at the top of the search page for searches that include this term.

Content marketing

More than half of marketers use blogs as part of their multi-channel digital marketing strategy. Content marketing is the process of creating or curating content to promote a business. Content that can effectively connect with new and existing customers raises brand and product awareness, improves SEO, and builds influence in the target niche.

For example, the CBD company behind the Cerena brand, which produces hemp oil, launched a blog called Cuentos (Story). The company utilizes the blog to share industry news and how individuals can apply its goods in their daily lives.

Marketing automation

Marketing automation is the use of technology to construct a set of rules that will automatically activate actions on a marketing platform. Marketing automation can be limited to a single platform within the technology stack or incorporate a variety of tools via integration.

Most ecommerce firms can benefit from post-purchase automation. Depending on the product and purchase, you can utilize post-buy communication to foster client connections and cross-sell other products via targeted recommendations.

Repeat the ad

Repeat advertising, also known as consumer-targeted advertising, is the process of displaying adverts to customers who have previously interacted with a company’s brand. You can set up product announcement advertising campaigns that target your target audience based on your customers’ past consumption behavior.

In fact, you may have developed an artist-designed mug line particularly for your brand. A few months after receiving the product, you continue to engage with another artist on a fresh cup design. You can re-show your ad to consumers who bought their first artist-designed mug knowing they’ve expressed interest in this product type.

Conclusion

Multi-channel marketing solutions integrate a variety of marketing strategies to assist you in launching digital marketing campaigns, including audience targeting tools, email marketing, SEO, paid social network advertising, and more. Furthermore, you can improve the effectiveness of your marketing activities by gathering a wealth of helpful knowledge about your clients, reducing the number of issues that must be foreseen in advance and progressively addressed. Improve campaigns.

Meet e-commerce requirements: product warranty

E-commerce is approaching its peak period. The world is using online purchasing channels more than ever before since registration obstacles are gradually being reduced, and new entrants are increasing competitiveness. Retailers are struggling to attract and keep customers.

The industry is expanding, and the rules are changing. New sales channels emerge as others fade into obscurity. According to HubSpot, 71% of customers no longer trust sponsored ads on social media. So, if you don’t try new things, you could be wasting money.

Merchants must provide differentiated, customer-centric platforms that encourage purchases and increase client lifetime value. More than ever, e-commerce enterprises must innovate and adapt or risk becoming outdated.

Get ahead with value-added services

Amazon, Walmart, Best Buy, and other large retailers provide customers with a choice of options and value-added services, such as payment plans, shipping insurance, and product warranties. These services accumulate significant costs over time, therefore only large retailers may offer them.

Companies are providing value-added services to retailers and customers through technology-first platforms, including premium shipping, autonomous payment options (e. g. BNPL, finance), shipping insurance, and product warranties.

Product warranty plans, in particular, can help to boost customer loyalty and purchase intent. For example, Assurant, a worldwide risk management business, discovered that extended warranties enhance consumer purchasing intent by approximately 25%. Furthermore, effective consumer complaints can boost long-term brand loyalty, increasing the likelihood that customers would purchase further items and services.

What is product warranty?

Many different modes of product warranty exist. Typically, many products have a default warranty period of 6 months to one year if a manufacturing defect occurs; however, warranty plans have longer warranty periods.

Product warranties, often known as service contracts, guarantee the product’s operational condition for an extended length of time. There can be numerous types of product warranties, such as:

1. Extended warranty

Extended warranty service contracts extend the manufacturer’s warranty. The warranty period for this type begins when the manufacturer’s defect warranty expires and then extends to cover mechanical or electrical faults for a set period of time.

2. Warranty options

These service contracts cover the product against specific damages or difficulties. Each warranty program will have unique terms. One popular program is the unintentional damage from handling warranty, which covers damage from accidents such as drops, breakages, and liquid spills on the product.

With a product warranty, distributors can give more complete coverage to clients, alleviating customer anxieties about payment. It is worth noting that the programs are not mutually exclusive.

The iPhone’s warranty serves as a solid illustration. If the iPhone battery fails due to a manufacturer defect within one year of purchase, the manufacturer’s guarantee may cover it; however, the warranty does not cover damage caused by the incident. So, if you frequently drop your phone, you can purchase AppleCare, Apple’s warranty plan. AppleCare provides a crash warranty, so you won’t have to pay out of pocket if you drop your phone and fracture the screen.

Why is warranty important?

Customers demand warranties on the things they buy. This is obvious from the fact that the global extended warranty market was valued at $120. 79 billion in 2019. This market is estimated to be worth $169. 82 billion by 2027, according to Allied Market Research. Clearly, market demand has pushed warranties to become a significant aspect in e-commerce industry.

Offering a warranty can also help boost sales, according to Assurant’s Connected Decade report. An extended warranty for game consoles and streaming devices increases the likelihood of purchasing by 22%. This likelihood rises by 21% with smart TVs and DVRs.

The usefulness of a product warranty is clearly demonstrated, as are current trends. Consumers’ appreciation for extended warranties creates additional sources of profit and value for firms.

1. Product protection

Extended warranty provides consumers with piece of mind because it guarantees to remedy all issues that arise with the product, allowing customers to continue using their favorite products. Coverage can be adapted to a customer’s specific requirements for a particular product, for as animal biohazard coverage for equipment.

2. Quickly resolve problems

Warranty service improves customer impressions, turning the customer’s product experience from bad to good. For example, for extended warranty support, clients can talk 24/7 with a virtual assistant that specializes in resolving concerns, promptly getting feedback, and returning products, converting unsatisfied customers into satisfied ones. This service can facilitate the relationship between customers and retailers.

3. Increase purchase conversion rate

Consumers’ purchase trust grows when they realize that someone stands behind the thing they are considering purchasing. Customers appreciate the additional assurance, and it makes sense visually.

In reality, providing product warranties promotes sales conversions. BlendJet’s overall product purchase conversion rates climbed by 11% after it began giving Product Warranty Extensions.

4. Improve customer experience

Excellent product warranties increase customer loyalty by transforming unpleasant situations into positive ones. Customers today require a variety of options from retailers. The expansion of payment choices now includes warranty services.

Product warranties also give distributors a way to get customers back. For example, while reporting a warranty claim, the customer will go to the distributor’s website and request a return. If a buyer purchases a replacement product, the vendor will receive new revenue.

This multi-touch engagement strategy adds a new significant touchpoint to the consumer journey. Positive customer interactions and transforming potentially bad encounters into positive ones can boost consumer loyalty to the brand.

Types of product warranties

Product guarantees have existed for a century. In 1919, AIG was the first corporation to offer these services to retailers. Until recently, product warranties were hampered by antiquated warranty claim procedures riddled with distribution issues.
Furthermore, the warranty claim process might take months to resolve, leaving customers disappointed. New technology will increase product warranties, allowing any distributor, regardless of size, geography, or product category, to provide product warranties.

Product warranties can take numerous forms:

Alternative: These service contracts are ideal for everyday products that are reasonably priced. For example, replacing faulty headphones is easier than repairing them.
Repairs: These service contracts cover products with a value more than the cost of labor (for example, bicycles).

Warranty plan term: These service contracts just extend the manufacturer’s warranty, ensuring that clients are covered beyond the warranty period.
Basic warranty: these service contracts allow for extra adjustments, often extending the manufacturer’s warranty period and perhaps expanding warranty alternatives. These programs will take effect once the manufacturer’s warranty expires.
Accidental Damage Warranty (ADH): These service contracts cover additional damage to the product beyond the manufacturer’s warranty, such as drops and liquid spills. Because of their extensive reach, these programs are effective from the time of purchase.

With so many alternatives available, the distributor has the ability to tailor the insurance coverage not only to the goods but also to the consumer.

05 steps to provide clients with the most complete purchasing experience

What generated today’s trillion-dollar e-commerce industry? – It is predicted that global revenue will reach $6. 5 trillion in 2023. Despite the fact that the impact of the COVID pandemic is progressively diminishing, demand for online purchasing has not decreased, particularly during the busy holiday season. Online sales can be considered the future of retail trade.

Along with that, there is a growing tendency of severe competition. Unless you sell products in a very small specialized market, you will always have to compete with other businesses. Strengthening the brand in the minds of clients is becoming increasingly important, not only in the product category, but also in the purchasing experience.

Put yourself in the shoes of a customer, switching from a seller’s attitude to that of an internet purchase. What do customers value the most? The majority of people said “time”. Customers want the seller to cover the time, method, and location of shopping according on their requirements. Businesses must establish multi-channel sales strategies to assist customers throughout the full purchasing journey.

To satisfy the demands of modern times, you must make the buying experience convenient and simple for customers. A simple shopping process gives customers with the correct product, at the right time, and in the right place, reducing friction that drives customers to abandon their shopping carts and decide to buy later (or worse, elsewhere).

In this tutorial, we’ll go over five measures to make purchase easier on your website, as well as some tools to assist you optimize your underlying technology platform.

Step 1: Easy shopping

Your aim is to create a marketing strategy, encourage purchasers to visit the sales page, and when they find something they love, they are ready to buy. Have you been effective in selling?

Actually, marketing things may be more difficult than you believe. Even if an item is in the cart, that does not guarantee a payment. In reality, Baymard, a consumer behavior research institute, determined that the average cart abandonment rate (based on 44 provided statistics) was approximately 70%.

Here’s what you need to do to enhance your conversion rate and make the purchasing process as simple as possible.

1. Design the sales page interface

The shopping trip begins before the buyer reaches the checkout page. You need an easy-to-use sales interface that will build trust in your business and encourage people to return to buy things. If you are not a web developer, you can use online tools to create a visually appealing website that attracts customers.

2. Personalize the experience

Customer relevance is another important thing to consider when shopping. When customers return to the store, if they recall their previous purchase, they will be more likely to spend money. In fact, 63% of shoppers prefer brand suggestions based on their purchasing history.

3. Optimize payment experience

There are numerous reasons why buyers quit shopping carts, but one survey discovered that 21% of online shoppers in the United States abandoned their carts owing to the complex and time-consuming checkout process. The payment experience is critical in minimizing purchasing friction, and there are a few techniques we can use to improve it. The initial step is to integrate with payment e-wallets. Shoppers frequently request the ability to pay using Apple Pay, Google Pay, or similar apps. Avoid adding too many apps and focus on providing a simple payment experience.

4. Improve search engines

Another potential impediment is search engines. Buyers can discover your sales page via advertising or direct visits. In any case, the search engine should return the requested goods without causing any issues for the buyer. You can use a variety of options, including navigation-friendly platforms and tailoring the buying experience based on search behavior.

5. Convince customers

Sometimes all it takes is a little encouragement for customers to complete the transaction. Some effective options include posting articles encouraging purchases, improving the store’s ratings and review quality, and taking advantage of buyer feedback.

Existing customer reviews are an effective conversion rate tactic that is becoming increasingly important. According to a poll, 34% of consumers want to read more business and service evaluations in 2020. How should you encourage customers to post evaluations, and how should you use them to improve efficiency?

Setting up notifications to remind clients about missing products is an efficient solution. Some technologies allow users to offer clients genuine data such as which products have recently been ordered, which products are doing well, and so on.

Step 2: Inspire customer confidence

Buyers may be hesitant if they notice that the purchase page has symptoms of fraud or does not protect the security of personal data. The reason for this is that online businesses, on average, face hundreds of thousands of data intrusions per month. You must demonstrate your dependability and security before, during, and after a customer conducts a transaction. Here are some resources that can help you.

To build trust with website visitors, ensure the e-commerce platform has high processing speed, reliability, and security. Include policies for lost, stolen, and damaged goods on the checkout page. A post-purchase warranty program can also encourage customers to purchase the product if they are concerned about damage in the event of an incident.

Step 3: Create surprise and delight

Delivering things swiftly and efficiently can have a significant impact on keeping customers returning to buy more. According to a poll, 87% of customers indicated the shipping and delivery experience had a direct impact on their decision to buy from the seller again.

1. Faster, more efficient delivery

Do you want your product shipping and unboxing experience to be as simple and delightful as everything else in the process thus far? We discussed above how you may improve your delivery experience using order tracking tools, but the following allow you to leave a lasting impression on your customers:

Find the appropriate delivery provider: According to a favorable delivery experience survey, 63% of clients want quickness and 66% want free shipping. Amazon has made it a habit for customers to receive orders within two days. Third-party logistics solutions can boost your competitiveness. Using customer order history, seasonal demand patterns, and business growth estimates, the app can offer the best solutions for product delivery, allowing you to deliver faster in the most essential locations.
Increase delivery efficiency: The more you automate shipping and fulfillment, the more time and money you’ll save. Look for technologies that allow you to effortlessly handle all of your orders from a single platform and save time by automatically applying actions to orders depending on your preferences. Import orders via connecting to a sales channel, manually making orders, uploading to CSV, or using an API. You may also sync as many orders as you want, from as many sources as you want, and send via whichever shipping provider you choose with ease and speed.
Branded box design: One of the advantages of running your own e-commerce site over shipping through third-party vendors such as Amazon is that you can develop your brand and begin building partnerships. Include your brand on products like boxes, shock absorbers, mailers, tape, tissue paper, and labels. Simply select the sort of box you want, specify the size and quantity, and brand it with your company’s logo, message, and colors.
Provide order tracking updates: It is critical to keep consumers informed about the status of their deliveries. Send your customers order status updates so they know when their order is ready to ship, shipped, on its way, or delivered. Order monitoring can reduce customer support calls and emails while also providing greater transparency to your consumers, resulting in a better overall experience.

2. Provide more fulfillment options

Offering more options can be beneficial to customers who require more than just speedy shipping. Several programs have been created that enable you to convert your retail sites into pick-up stores and connect online points of sale with businesses located anywhere near clients.

Step 4: Easy returning

Providing a straightforward return process will keep customers satisfied and even encourage them to return. According to a poll, 96% of customers will return to establishments that offer a hassle-free returns process. This is a strategy for increasing client feedback and attracting limitless reviews, allowing you to immediately rectify any issues. It is critical that you make the process as frictionless as the previous ones.

Step 5: Continue to nurture the relationship

Depending on your offering, one-time clients have the potential to become long-term repeat customers if they are treated that way from the start. Continued involvement and conversations with your consumers help to deepen the relationship and keep you top of mind for future purchases. Here are a few solutions:

1. Send broadcast emails and messages

Email and SMS can be excellent ways to keep clients updated, alert them about new products they might be interested in, and communicate future deals. Marketing during the delivery process can be an efficient approach to engage shoppers on a continual basis, and many brands fail to inform customers about upsells while the box is in route, missing out on the most engaging purchasing moment.

Message optimization is one of many strategies for reaching out to consumers more successfully. According to the National Client Email Report, the average email marketing program boosts profits by 38 times. As a result, more than 59% of marketers believe that email is the most effective way to increase income.

Businesses must build memorable experiences across marketing channels such as email, SMS, web, and in-app alerts by listening to and analyzing signals from visitors, subscribers, and customers. Convert the knowledge into valuable, relevant messaging. You can combine emailing with text and cart recovery push notifications, host a series for first-time purchasers, or order confirmations and delivery with automated workflows.

2. Target potential customers

Reminding clients of things they left in their shopping carts or while exploring can be an effective conversion rate technique. You can contact customers through different channels by using apps that connect your store to Google, Microsoft Advertising, Facebook, and Instagram.

3. Reward loyal customers

To differentiate yourself from many other competitors, consider introducing some incentive programs for loyal consumers to offer them a cause to return to your store rather than moving to another one.

Look for an app that allows you to develop a rewards program for your brand. The loyalty program provides clients with exclusive benefits and tempting discounts. This is also an effective technique to interact with the brand during each visit to your store.

4. Encourage customers to come back

Customers that return frequently will develop a stronger affinity for the brand over time, creating long-term value for the sales firm. Store tracking is one technique to build long-term customer relationships. You should understand how to manage your store’s followers and present relevant options to customers based on information from previous searches or purchase history.

Conclusion

You and your consumers both want the same thing: to get to your goods as soon as possible and without any issues. Your duty is to simplify whenever possible and create ways for them to be more efficient at each stage of the trip.

In this article, we’ve presented a variety of options to assist you in identifying effective solutions from the pre-purchase conversion phase to the post-purchase phase. However, your seamless purchasing experience will not be the same for another firm, and there is no one-size-fits-all solution. Continue to innovate, and try ordering from your website. As you wait for your order, ask yourself if the experience made you want to return. This question will help you determine what to do next.

Language copyright: Strange, but True ✨

Hollywood firm Paramount Pictures is attempting to claim ownership of the Klingon language to block its usage in a Star Trek-inspired film.

This is an unusual example, made further stranger by the imaginary origin of the language in question. But this isn’t the first time a language has been legally claimed. Several recent high-profile litigation have addressed the topic of whether a language can be copyrighted.

Copyright the Klingon language

The most recent legal study of this issue stemmed from an innovative endeavor that took life on crowdfunding platforms such as Indiegogo and Kickstarter. This effort aims to fund and support a new film in the popular Star Trek franchise (working title: ‘Axanar’).

The only problem is that this project is being launched independently of Paramount Pictures, which owns the original series. Paramount is angry about a number of concerns, including the proposal to include Klingon in the story of the Axanar film production.

Klingon is the fictional language of a fictional alien race in the world of Star Trek, initially invented by Gene Roddenberry and now controlled by Paramount Studios.  The studio is suing Axanar Productions and its producer, Alec Peters, to obtain rights to the language and other creative aspects generated for one of the mid-decade Star Trek films in the 1980s.

Even linguist Marc Okrand, who originally standardized the Klingon language, questioned if Paramount was the rightful proprietor of the language. Although he published the first dictionary of the Klingon language, he asserted: “As far as I know, Klingon has never been officially identified as belonging to anyone chief”. Axanar’s own lawyer further claimed that we cannot copyright “useful” things like clothing or a language.  In response to this argument, Paramount claimed that Klingon was useless because the Klingons did not exist, and thus the language could not be utilized to communicate with them.

Copyright the Klingon language

Language copyright is a new phenomenon

Legal ownership of newly created languages appears to be a major worry. This includes Tolkien’s Elves, invented around 1910, and the Klingon, invented for Star Trek in the 1980s.

A recent legal lawsuit involving two computer programming heavyweights, Oracle and Google, sought to ascertain whether a programming language may be copyrighted (the outcomes are inconclusive). Oracle has followed Google’s case against its usage of Java on Android, which affects half of all smartphones worldwide.

Java may have been provided to the open source community, but Oracle claims that some of the methods Android uses Java are copycat. As part of the litigation, officials have requested both parties to demonstrate that a programming language can be legally copyrighted, which has yet to be resolved.

Java, like Klingon, was invented by corporations for a specific reason, rather than being a conventional human language with centuries of history.

Some believe that these contentious languages are subject to copyright law due to their profit-oriented genesis. Developing any functional language entails significant effort, and the legal system prefers that such effort be rewarded.

Language Copyright Is A New Phenomenon

Language copyright is a new phenomenon

Intellectual property rights are critical to the legal system, so it’s understandable that many people want to see this matter settled. Languages evolve and take on a life of their own through the contributions of others, including avid Star Trek fans and linguists. As the number of authors rises over time, it becomes impossible to claim ownership.

Artificial languages, such as English or Chinese, vary from genuine human languages primarily in this way. Although there have been many efforts to refine every language in the world, most of the original authors have long since passed away, and it would be difficult for any single individual to contribute to the effort to establish any language that is in common use.  Even Marc Okrand, the linguist recruited by Paramount in the 1980s to develop a fairly workable language called Klingon, did not claim authorship.

In addition to Axanar’s usage of Klingon, the Paramount complaint addresses a variety of problems. It also raises concerns about the use of other innovative elements from the original series, such as Roddenberry’s alien races, which first appeared in the 1960s and 1970s, visual elements like the spaceship command post and clothing, and technical gadgets like the communications equipment used in the film. Paramount’s primary worry appears to be the unlawful use of the whole Star Trek franchise to construct a spin-off.

In the past, the studio has permitted, even encouraged, fan fiction (short stories and novels set in the Star Trek universe and featuring characters from the franchise). Clearly, Paramount isn’t willing to grant the same permission to fan fiction films as they do to tangible properties. The Axanar project has also proven to be a profitable venture, having raised almost half a million dollars on Kickstarter and a comparable amount on Indiegogo.

Online fan fiction products are usually non-profit, and their creators rarely sue unless someone profits from their original works.

This also happened with Tolkien’s work, which did not bother prosecuting anyone who utilized the Elves language based on his work because there was little evidence that anyone was profiting from it.

With these recent litigation, it appears that we are no closer to settling the question of whether a language can be copyrighted. Paramount’s complaint addresses a number of issues related to the unlawful use of its creative concepts, and the stakes extend beyond the Klingon language itself. It will be interesting to observe what happens in the dispute between Oracle and Google. What appears evident is that copyright is frequently asserted when monetary interests are at stake, but the outcome of this case could have far-reaching implications beyond the film and television industries.

Legal document translation: Hard or easy?

What is legal document translation?

Legal translation is the process of rendering legal documents from one language to another, ensuring the accuracy and truthfulness of legal information in the translated text. Legal documents may include contracts, judgments, ordinances, agreements and other legal documents.

Legal document translation: Hard or easy?

Legal translation can be hard or easy depending on many factors such as the complexity of the text, the depth of the subject, and the skills of the translator.

However, in general, legal translation is a difficult job, to perform which the translator should have extensive expertise in the legal field as well as knowledge of the target and source languages.

Legal documents often contain legal terms, technical concepts and complex grammatical structures, which require a strong knowledge of translators to ensure accuracy and accuracy in the translation process.

Moreover, legal translation also requires the translator to be able to analyze and understand the meaning of the legal document and convey it accurately and clearly to the reader.

What are required of legal document translators?

Legal expertise: Translators need extensive knowledge of legal principles, regulations and legal terms in both source and target languages. This helps the translator understand the meaning of the terms and helps to avoid errors in the translation process.
Linguistic knowledge: Translators need to have a solid knowledge of the target language, including style, grammar, spelling and usage of terms. Translators also need to be able to express and write texts accurately and fluently.
Analytical and reasoning skills: Legal translators need to be able to analyze and reason in order to understand the meaning and purpose of legal documents. Translators need to be able to analyze and interpret legal terms, regulations and terms in the text.
Carefulness and accuracy: Legal translation requires care and accuracy. Translators need to ensure that all legal information contained in the translation is accurate and complete.
Respect confidentiality: Legal documents often contain sensitive and highly confidential information. Translators need to ensure confidentiality and follow information security regulations.

Who may require translation of legal documents?

There are 5 groups of organizations and individuals that often need to use legal translation services:

Companies and businesses: Companies and businesses need to translate legal documents related to contracts, agreements, judgments, statutes, by-laws, charter documents and other legal documents to ensure their operations are compliant. comply with legal regulations.
Lawyers and law offices: Lawyers and law offices need to translate legal documents such as case files, judgments, statutes and other legal documents in preparation for trial, due diligence and advice for their clients.
Financial institutions: Financial institutions, including banks, insurance companies and financial regulators, need to translate legal documents related to regulations, policies and other legal documents to ensure compliance comply with legal regulations.
Medical establishments: Medical institutions need to translate legal documents such as health insurance certificates, medical contracts and other legal documents to ensure proper compliance with legal regulations.
Government organizations: Government organizations need to translate legal documents related to policies, regulations, laws and other legal documents to ensure their operations comply with legal regulations.

Conclusions

In general, translating legal documents is a difficult job, requiring the translators to have extensive expertise in legal principles and basic legal terms in both source and target languages. Accuracy is critical to legal translation, as an error may lead to serious consequences and even invalidate the legitimacy of the translated text.

Business translation: A way to boost your sales growth

A survey from CSA Research found that over 75% of consumers prefer to buy from brands that provide information in their native language. In today’s global business environment, translation and localization improve brand awareness, build trust and sustain revenue growth.

Global business is a series of activities that include internal and external communications. So how can businesses communicate effectively with customers, partners and employees in different regions? In addition to producing content in other languages, companies must also consider cultural identity and preferences.

What is business translation?

Business translation refers to the process of rendering business-related content into other languages, tailored to the target market.

AM Vietnam provides the following business translation services to global clients:

· Website localization

· Marketing materials

· Contracts

· Email communication

· Sales channels

· Product information

· Employee training materials

· Other types of documents

Business translation and localization need to be accurate and appealing, and content must be suitable and relevant to the target market in terms of industry-specific terminology and cultural nuances.

The importance of business translation

An efficient translation process is integral to a successful international business expansion strategy. There are numerous reasons why companies should ensure the quality of their translated documents, including:

· Effective communication. Accurate translation ensures the message is conveyed and prevents misunderstandings that can lead to negative consequences.

· Global coverage. Multilingual communication allows businesses to set foot in new markets and become international players.

· Increased reliability. Going global and connecting authentically with customers will build credibility and customer loyalty.

· Research opportunities. Reaching a wider audience in new regions can collect more data to understand how people interact with your business.

· Compliance with laws and regulations. Businesses may need to translate legal and compliance documents to meet local regulatory standards.

International SEO: 10 Advices for a Marvelous International SEO Strategy

The Global SEO could substantially bring a wide range of marvelous benefits for business if we are able to set up a science-based and targeted international SEO strategy. In this article, we shall refer to the most basic things. Let’s see what you can do to plan a competent international SEO strategy.

To start, it’s vital to look through and get an insight into your website.

Check your website’s organic traffic search from other countries and different languages. You can use the essential tool like Google Analytics to analyze the number and trends of viewers as well as its conversions in terms of countries and languages.
Evaluate the visibility of your website via organic search from other countries. Google Webmaster Tools (i.e, Google Search Console) or other SEO tools could help you to identify the most common queries and accompanying websites in the search results in countries that you have targeted before.

Based on these understandings, let’s find out the answers to these questions to set up the scale of your International SEO Strategy further competently:

What countries or regions do you wish to target to?
What languages are spoken in your targeted markets?
How do you handle the website localization?

Plan the goals for International SEO

It is of vitality to envision and set up goals for any SEO strategies in general, without exception for international SEO. The specific goals and objectives shall orient and allow you to measure and improve your international SEO results during this process.

Increase your website traffic and views: In order to help the audience in various countries find your website through the search engines that understand its values to users, International SEO could optimize your website’s traffic and views.
Alluring your Potential customers: You can attract potential customers by the best viral International SEO approaches with regard to content, website version, web layout and design and in other aspects of your localized website.
Increasing your business sales and revenues If you could effectively set the aims for your website performance via International SEO, you can reach your customers, especially the potential ones and offer them your business’ products and services. Finally, the use of International SEO tools on your website may help to increase sales and revenues naturally as time goes by.

Conduct market and competitors analysis

Once you do have your own International SEO objectives, you can start to research markets thoroughly as well as keep an eye on your competitors. Research on markets will reveal the favorite tastes and habits of your targeted customers and people in various countries and regions. An analysis on your competitors’ SEO strategy could help you to make a difference in every targeted market.

Check the organic traffic on your website from different countries and languages. Let’s use the essential tool like Google Analytics to analyze the number and trends of viewers as well as its conversions in terms of countries and languages.
Evaluate the visibility of your website via organic search from other countries. Google webmaster tools (Google Search Console) or other SEO tools could help you to clarify the most common queries as well as popular websites accordingly in the search results in countries that you have targeted before.

An insight into the keywords for each targeted market

Keywords are considered one of the most important factors in any SEO approach. Similarly, it is also true for International SEO strategy. In order to virally reach your targeted customers and people in a wide range of markets, you should have a look at specific keywords for every single market.

Find out and do research on keywords to help you know the familiar words or phrases that your targeted customers in each market often use when they search for products and services like yours. On this basis, you could start to create optimized content and webs for these keywords in corresponding languages.

In most cases, keywords should be localized accordingly, not just merely translated.

Certain keywords may sound difficult to be transformed, whilst, others could remain original and literally translated. For instance, sometimes medical or IT fields usually use English technical terms even though English is not the first language in these countries. In this case, the translation into their mother tongue does not make sense at all.

So you should understand what the local people are looking for and transform your keywords suitable to the customized localization. For example: The Mother’s Day in the United States in fact is not the same day as the Mother’s Day in Britain. While the Mother’s Day in the US falls on May 12th, it is on different date in each year in the UK. In 2023, the Mother’s Day falls on March 19th, whereas, it will be on March 10th, 2024 in the land of the Union Jack. That means users in both countries namely the US and the UK will search for presents given to their mother on different days and months in the year on the occasion.

By using such tools as Google Keyword Planner of Google Ads, you will know monthly search of keywords in corresponding markets and combine the most viral keywords into your International SEO strategy.

Language-based or country-based Targeting for International SEO Strategy?

In International SEO approach, there is no replica. That means, no International SEO strategy is exactly the same compared to another. Two separate strategies will differ from each other. What approach you should do will depend on your objectives of business, targeted customers and your resources.

Upon targeting international markets, you will have two options: either language-based or country-based targeting.

Language Targeting: If your targeted customers or people who speak the same language but live in different countries, the language targeting is suitable. It allows you to create the content by a single language to serve multi-markets.
Country Targeting or Geotargeting: If each country or region has their own language, the country targeting (or geotargeting) is more ideal. You will need specific website for every single country with localized content for each of them.

Let’s take one example. English could be used to target the English-speaking communities in a variety of countries and regions.

You can use language targeting to get access to English-speaking people in general and geotargeting for even different dialect areas, i.e., the English dialect spoken in the UK differ from the United States and other countries on the global scale.

Similarly, if you wish to target French speaking people, you can opt for country targeting, specifically Canada or certain African countries.

You can create English and French contents separately, using International SEO to help search engines direct users to the right version of the website.

Choose the right URL structure for international websites

Ideally, you should use specific URL to differentiate between the original version and the localized one. Each URL to the localized website the contents of which have been transformed and adjusted on the basis of the spoken language. Webmasters can employ several URL structures to target specific markets and languages.

Let’s take a look at the most popular URL structures:

Country code top-level domain, or ccTLD

If you need a website indicated for a specific country, the Country code top-level domain (or ccTLD) may be the best solution. Such domains as yourdomain.vn and yourdomain.fr will send signal to search engines, telling them that those websites will be distributed to users in Vietnam and France.

However, each ccTLD is a separate domain, this strategy is normally costly and time-wasting. Each ccTLD needs its own strategy on digital PR, content marketing and link building. You will not be able to try to buy links or domain authority from the performance out of the website or from other websites.

Global Top-level domain (gTLDs) plus subdomain

The Global Top-level domain (gTLDs) in combination with subdomain such as vn.yourdomain.com can empower geotargeting and brand identity in each targeted market. Yet, challenges arise from the complexity in technical setting and maintenance, as well as potential problems of SEO links with subdomain.

gTLD plus subdirectory

If the location of the viewers does not affect your products and services, then you can use a sole domain and take advantage of subdirectories (or also called subfolders) to keep all of your content, either sites in different language or for different countries within a single domain, e.g.: yourdomain.com/fr/.

The subdirectories are usually used by enterprises to target consumers in a multilingual market. They can be applied for a geographical area consisting of at least 2 countries speaking the same language, for instance: The parts of Europe, Africa and Latin America that French is spoken.

gTLD in combination with subdomain name and subfolder

gTLD in combination with subdomain name and subfolder (vn.yourdomain.com/vn-mx/) allows you to organize your website flexibly. While subdomain name allows more specified geotargeting, the subfolder will arrange content in the root domain.

Its benefits include advanced targeted marketing and reasonable redirecting, which enables your website to be more appropriate to certain audience. However, it is rather complicated to handle and it’s noteworthy to take into consideration certain drawbacks such as cookies sharing, considerable host resources, long URL and dilluted SEO.

With pros and cons of each type of URL structures, you should take into account your enterprise’s real need carefully as well as its estimated growth in new market(s) before making decisions

Hreflang attribute in your code – The golden key

The hreflang attribute indicates which language is being used for your content as well as which geography it is for. The hreflang attribute also helps you to avoid duplication in different versions of the website. For example: different English versions of the website are used for the United States, the United Kingdoms and Australia to target different locations.

You can implement the hreflang attribute in your HTML code as follows:

In your HTML head of the page
In your XML sitemap
In your HTTP header

Upon using the hreflang attribute, please observe the best following methods:

Reference of the whole website as well as its translated variants. It means that the hreflang attribute on each webpage shoud include a reference to all the pages that act as alternates.
The golden rule is to use bidirectional hreflang reference
Specify the accurate combination of language and geography
Always remember the code: hreflang=”x-default”
Match hreflang attributes and canonical URLs
Use absolute URLs when specifying hreflang attributes
Apply only one implementation method for the hreflang attribute

Build local links to your webpage

Build local links in each targeted market can improve your domain’s reputation and the visibility of your website (or web page) in the local search results. Collaborating with local influencers, guest blogging on relevant websites, and engaging in local directories are some effective ways to build local links.

For example, if your site receives a lot of backlinks from URLs ending in “.vn”, then it signals to Google that your site is relevant to the audience in Vietnam. Therefore, Google can rank your page in line with those local search results. The search results are most influenced by local links, so it’s worth spending time planning a strong link building strategy for each page.

Take advantage of social media and user reviews

Your international SEO efforts can benefit from social media and user viewers. Interaction with customers via social media platforms and stimulation of users’ reviews could empower your online visibility as well as build trust with your customers and potentials ones on multiple markets. It is of necessity to carry out strategy for management of social media and public communication. It is considered a vital factor for any successful international SEO strategy.

Avoid redirecting users to another language-targeting basing on their locations

It could have been thought at first a perfect solution, however, the automatic redirecting of visitor and/or the search tools basing on IP or browser setting will annoy our users. It can also lead to confusion to the search engines. Even in certain cases, the visitors or the search engines could never find certain contents.

Instead, indicate an alternate by displaying a banner at the top or bottom of the website with a message and a link to the suggested page.

Create localized content for each targeted market

Your aim is to assure that the published contents on the separate page for each country are customized to the local people. For example, the discussion about winter fashion trend in Japan may not sound connected to web visitors from Europe. It is the reason why we have to strive to create the contents targeted to benefit the audience in every single country.

There are a number of ways to create localized contents. One option is to hire the content creator in the corresponding language. However, this approach may be considerably costly. Another option is to ask the professional linguists to translate the original content to the targeted language. Its pros is that you can master the procedure and control it better for the possible optimal quality

Measurement of International SEO performance

Apart from a reasonable International SEO strategy, you should also measure the progress and efficiency of your International SEO performance. It will allow you to define what needs to be improved and optimize your strategy.

Organic traffic

You can be able to monitor the number of organic visitors from specific country in a duration of time by using such tools as Google Analytics or other SEO analytics platforms.

Keywords rankings in specific countries

You should monitor how well your targeted keywords are ranked in the common search engines in each country to optimize your localized contents.

Analysis of backlinks

You should evaluate both the quantity and quality of backlinks from domains across the countries. At the same time, you should also check their relevance and authority to know how powerful your overall website is.

Localization

You should have a look at what localized contents are being most interacted by users in each country. Furthermore, you should also realize the effectiveness of languages tags and hreflang attributes for precise targeting.

Analysis of competitors

It is important to compare your performance versus other competitors across countries. In order to do so, you have to clarify your pros and con via keywords ranking, backlink profile and organic traffic.

Bounce rates and time spent on site

You should monitor the visitors who leave your website after viewing merely one page and the time they spend on your website in each targeting country.

Conversion rate

You should measure the proportion of your website’s visitors who have completed a desire action (buying goods, filling in a form, etc.) from different countries.

By frequent monitor and analysis of these indicators, you can grasp valuable understandings about the performance of International SEO strategy. Accordingly, you can make sound decisions to optimize your website for brilliant success on the global scale.

Expansion of your influence with International SEO

The optimization of your website with regard to International SEO is of significance to expand your influence globally. A deep insight into the targeted market’s nuances along with good performance of international SEO strategy will help you to attract broad customers and the potential ones, increase the traffic and improve the conversions.

The users’ experience should be customized to be familiar with their own cultures and language. By doing this in your targeted market plus performance analysis will enable you to optimize your international SEO in the long term. Thanks to International SEO, your enterprises will be well prepared to grasp global opportunities.